Which medication can cause hyperkalemia as an adverse effect in patients?

ACE inhibitors are well-known for their potential to cause hyperkalemia as an adverse effect. These medications work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which leads to decreased production of angiotensin II. This results not only in vasodilation and decreased blood pressure but also in the reduced secretion of aldosterone. Aldosterone is responsible for promoting the reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium in the kidneys. When aldosterone levels are reduced due to ACE inhibitor therapy, the reabsorption of potassium decreases, potentially leading to an accumulation of potassium in the blood, hence causing hyperkalemia.

In contrast, thiazide diuretics typically lead to hypokalemia due to their mechanism of increasing renal excretion of potassium. Calcium channel blockers do not have a significant direct impact on potassium levels and statins are primarily associated with lipid management and have different side effects. Understanding the pharmacodynamics of each medication class is crucial for recognizing their potential side effects, including the risk of hyperkalemia with ACE inhibitors.