Which lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis?

Alcohol use is recognized as a lifestyle factor that can significantly increase the risk of osteoporosis. Excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with the body's ability to absorb calcium, a vital mineral for bone health. It can also disrupt hormone levels, including those responsible for regulating bone remodeling, leading to decreased bone density over time. Chronic alcohol use can impair the function of osteoblasts, which are the cells responsible for bone formation, and thus contribute to the development of osteoporosis.

In contrast, regular exercise is essential for maintaining strong bones, as it promotes bone strength and density. High calcium intake is crucial for bone health, providing the necessary nutrients for bone formation. Additionally, high estrogen levels, particularly in premenopausal women, help protect against bone loss, as estrogen plays a key role in maintaining bone density. Therefore, the lifestyle factor that poses a risk for osteoporosis is alcohol use, due to its detrimental effects on calcium absorption and hormone balance.