What is the appropriate referral for a newborn with a foot turned in?

The appropriate referral for a newborn with a foot turned in is to a pediatric orthopedic specialist. This is because congenital foot deformities, such as in-toeing, often require a thorough evaluation and management plan that is best handled by a specialist trained in musculoskeletal issues in children. Pediatric orthopedic specialists have the expertise to diagnose conditions like metatarsus adductus or tibial torsion, which are common causes of in-toeing in infants.

Additionally, these specialists can determine whether any intervention is necessary based on the severity of the condition and the infant's overall development. They are knowledgeable about both non-surgical and surgical treatments, which may be crucial for ensuring that the child's feet develop properly as they grow.

While physical therapists, podiatrists, and general surgeons have valuable roles in the healthcare system, they are not typically involved in the initial evaluation and management of such conditions in newborns. Physical therapists may assist with rehabilitation but only after a diagnosis is made and treatment is initiated. Podiatrists generally handle foot-related issues in older children and adults rather than newborns. General surgeons might be called upon for surgical interventions but do not specialize in the musculoskeletal development of infants. Therefore, referring to a pediatric orthopedic specialist is the most appropriate and