What is a potential side effect of thiazide diuretics?

Thiazide diuretics are commonly used medications that help manage hypertension and fluid retention by promoting the excretion of sodium and water from the kidneys. One notable potential side effect of thiazide diuretics is hyponatremia, which refers to low sodium levels in the blood.

This occurs because thiazides inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, leading to increased sodium excretion. Moreover, as sodium is lost, water can follow osmotically, which can dilute the sodium concentration in the blood, causing hyponatremia. This effect is particularly relevant for patients who may already have diminished sodium levels or those who are on multiple medications that affect electrolyte balance.

Understanding this side effect is crucial for patient management, as hyponatremia can result in various clinical manifestations, including confusion, seizures, and in severe cases, can be life-threatening. Regular monitoring of serum electrolytes is essential when initiating or adjusting thiazide therapy to prevent and manage this potential complication effectively.