What distinguishes a hordeolum from a chalazion?

The distinguishing factor between a hordeolum and a chalazion is the presence of pain. A hordeolum, commonly referred to as a stye, is an acute inflammatory lesion caused by an infection of the eyelash follicle or the meibomian glands. This condition is typically painful, tender, and often associated with redness and swelling. The pain is due to the infection and inflammation of the affected area.

In contrast, a chalazion is a chronic inflammatory lesion resulting from the blockage of a meibomian gland. While it may present as a lump on the eyelid, it usually is not painful and tends to be more firm and less red than a hordeolum. The asymptomatic nature of a chalazion often leads to it being noticed only after some time, indicating a different pathophysiological process compared to the painful, acute presentation of a hordeolum.

Understanding the differences in symptomatology, especially pain, helps in the accurate diagnosis and subsequent management of these common eyelid conditions.