Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is primarily associated with what environmental factor?

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is primarily linked to low levels of sunlight. This condition typically occurs during the fall and winter months when daylight hours are shorter, leading to reduced exposure to natural light. The decrease in sunlight is thought to trigger changes in biological rhythms and contribute to feelings of depression. It is also associated with imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which is influenced by light exposure. This understanding of the connection between daylight exposure and mood is vital for healthcare providers in recognizing and managing SAD.

The other options do not have a direct link to the onset of SAD. High temperatures and excessive rain can influence mood and well-being, but they are not specifically recognized as primary contributors to this disorder. Increased air pollution may have adverse health effects but does not have the same strong association with seasonal changes in mental health as low levels of sunlight do.