In a patient with low hemoglobin (HGB), low hematocrit (HCT), and high mean corpuscular volume (MCV), what condition may be present?

In the context of a patient presenting with low hemoglobin (HGB), low hematocrit (HCT), and high mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the findings suggest a macrocytic anemia, with vitamin B12 deficiency being a likely cause.

Macrocytic anemia is characterized by larger than normal red blood cells, which is reflected in the elevated mean corpuscular volume. Vitamin B12 is essential for proper red blood cell formation. A deficiency in this vitamin disrupts normal cell division, leading to the production of larger, immature cells—hence the macrocytic classification.

Low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels indicate anemia, which correlates with the presence of these enlarged red blood cells. In cases of B12 deficiency specifically, additional signs may include neurological symptoms or an elevated mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), which could further support the diagnosis.

Other forms of anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia, typically present with normal or low MCV rather than elevated values. Sickle cell anemia, while also causing anemia, does not typically manifest with increased MCV and involves different underlying pathophysiology. Thus, the presented clinical picture aligns well with macrocytic anemia due to B12